Basic Info. Des(1-3)IGF-1 is a naturally occurring, endogenous protein, as well as drug, and truncated analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).des(1-3)IGF-1 lacks the first three amino acids at the N-terminus of IGF-1 (for a total of 67 amino acids, relative to the 70 of IGF-1).   As a result of this difference, it has considerably reduced binding to the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and enhanced potency (about 10-fold in vivo) relative to IGF-1. ...

Basic Info. Tesamorelin is the  N -terminally modified compound based on 44 amino acids sequence of human GHRH. This modified synthetic form is more potent and stable than the natural peptide. It is also more resistant to cleavage by the dipetidy aminopeptidase  than human GHRH.  It stimulates the synthesis and release of endogenous GH, with an increase in level of insulin-like growth factor . The released GH then binds with the receptors present on various body organs and regulates the body composition. This regulation is mainly because of the combination of anabolic and lipolytic mechanisms.  However, it has been found that the main mechanisms by which Tesamorelin reduces body fat mass are lipolysis   followed by reduction in triglycerides level. ...

Basic Info. Ipamorelin is a peptide selective agonist of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS) and a growth hormone secretagogue. Ipamorelin significantly increases plasma growth hormone levels in both animals and humans. In addition, ipamorelin stimulates body weight gain in animals. Like pralmorelin and GHRP-6, ipamorelin does not affect prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone , luteinizing hormone, or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. However, unlike pralmorelin and GHRP-6, but similarly to growth hormone-releasing hormone , ipamorelin does not stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, or cortisol, and is highly selective for inducing the secretion only of GH. ...

Basic Info. Hexarelin Acetate is a synthetic hexapeptide in the growth factor family. It stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) and does not interfere with the body's ability to produce its own GH. Structurally, Hexarelin (Hexarelin Acetate) is similar in structure to GHRP-6 but without the appetite increase because of its inability to drastically increase Ghrelin levels, which is responsible for the increased appetite and quicker gastric emptying.  Hexarelin is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue made from six amino acids. It contains powerful growth hormone-releasing properties in the human body. Hexarelin, in studies over a certain period, has shown that it reduces visceral fat.  Hexarelin (Hexarelin Acetate), like other Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides, is most effective synergistically when administered with GHRH such as Sermorelin or Modified GRF 1-29. ...

Basic Info. GHK-CU is a natural copper binding peptide composed of tripeptides (glycine, L-histidine, and L-lysine) and copper ions. GHK-CU is a beneficial skin care and beauty ingredient that can promote collagen production, accelerate wound healing, improve skin elasticity, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is widely used in anti-aging products, wound care products, and hair care products. When using GHK-CU products, pay attention to allergic reactions and choose the appropriate concentration and product according to personal circumstances. ...

Basic Info. Kisspeptin-10 is a decapeptide that plays a crucial role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, stimulating the release of gonadotropins and, consequently, reproductive hormones. It is also known to have vasoactive properties , inhibiting angiogenesis and acting as a tumor metastasis suppress or. The studies indicate that kisspeptin-10 significantly increases the content of intracellular collagen in the myocardium. KiSS-10 also elevates the level of phosphorylated focal adhesion The inhibition of FAK negates the stimulatory effect of KiSS-10 on collagen deposition in vitro. ...

Basic Info. Thymulin (also known as thymic factor or its old name facteur thymique serique) is a nonapeptide produced by two distinct epithelial populations in the thymus first described by Bach in 1977. The hormone is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation and enhancement of T and NK cell actions. Besides this rather paracrine or auto-organic effects on the thymus dependent immune system, thymulin seems to have neuroendocrine effects as well.   There exist bidirectional interactions between thymic epithelium and the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. ...

Basic Info. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a naturally occurring peptide produced in the thymus gland and is known for its immunomodulatory properties.   It's a small protein of 28 amino acids that helps enhance the immune response by stimulating T cells, which are crucial for adaptive immunity.  Tα1 has been used in various clinical applications, including treating immunocompromised states, infections, and cancers.   ...

Basic Info. MOTS-c is a 16 amino acid peptide that is coded by the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondria are the “power generators” in cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use.  Two other mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) have also been discovered so far, humanin and SHLP1-6, but their possible involvement in human performance enhancement is unknown. According to new research, mitochondrial-derived peptides such as MOTS-c have a role in maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses 1 .   It has been shown that exercise causes MOTS-c levels to go up in humans. Furthermore, it has been shown in mice that MOTS-c treatment improves physical performance in mice of all ages and seems to regulate skeletal muscle metabolism and gene expression. ...

Basic Info. FOXO4  is a transcription factor protein associated with the regulation of cellular senescence, belonging to the FOXO (Forkhead box O) family. It plays a key role in delaying aging, suppressing tumors, and maintaining stem cell function by participating in DNA damage repair, oxidative stress response, and cell cycle regulation. Recent studies have found that targeting.  FOXO4-DRI  (FOXO4-p53 interfering peptide) can selectively eliminate senescent cells, offering a novel strategy for anti-aging and treating age-related diseases (such as fibrosis and osteoarthritis), with potential biomedical applications. Research on its mechanisms provides important scientific insights for developing anti-aging drugs and cell regeneration therapies. ...

Basic Info. LL37 is an antimicrobial peptide with 37 residues, belonging to the humanized cathelicidin family. It has a wide range of antimicrobial activities.  such as inhibitory effects on bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens It is also an immune modulator that participates in the regulation of the immune system ...

Basic Info. Retatrutide is an experimental drug developed by Eli Lilly and Company in the United States for the treatment of obesity. It is a triple glucagon hormone receptor agonist. In a phase II clinical trial, the drug has been proved to reduce the average weight of non diabetes but obese or pre obese (overweight) adults by more than 17.5% ...